数字创新创业研究精选（MISQ等顶刊2022年一季度）
编者按：
本期分享MISQ、OS、ISR、ISJ、TFSC等期刊数字创新创业研究摘要精选（2022年一季度）。
目录 CONTENTS
小额信贷机构众筹：新希望？
Crowdfunding for Microfinance Institutions: The New Hope?
数字创业中的开源合作
Open Source Collaboration in Digital Entrepreneurship
通过模板扩展数字企业
Extending Digital Ventures Through Templating
“用户名”中有什么？感知匿名对众筹中从众效应的影响
What's in a "Username"? The Effect of Perceived Anonymity on Herding in Crowdfunding
用数字平台创造新的科技创业者：在数据驱动的零售生态系统中共享价值的元组织
Creating new tech entrepreneurs with digital platforms: Meta-organizations for shared value in data-driven retail ecosystems
创业企业的数字产品创新途径——创业者认知框架的作用
Digital product innovation approaches in entrepreneurial firms - the role of entrepreneurs'cognitive frames
小额信贷机构众筹：新希望？
Crowdfunding for Microfinance Institutions: The New Hope?
摘要：
在线众筹有望为企业家和小企业提供创新的替代融资渠道。然而，由于缺乏关于其影响的实证证据，人们对在线众筹能否兑现其承诺表示怀疑。在这项研究中，我们调查了亲社会众筹对传统小额信贷机构 (MFI) 的影响。结合多个数据源，包括来自Kiva. Org和小额信贷信息交换市场 (MIX Market)的数据，我们研究了众筹渠道如何影响小额信贷机构的可持续性和利率。我们发现，加入 Kiva 后，小额信贷机构的可持续性提高且利率下降。进一步的调查表明，这些变化主要是由于效率的提高，而不是低成本资金供应的增加。我们认为，加入在线众筹平台可提高透明度和人群监督，从而激励和授权小额信贷机构改善运营并提高效率。
Online crowdfunding holds the promise of empowering entrepreneurs and small businesses as an innovative alternative financing channel. However, doubts have been expressed as to whether online crowdfunding can deliver its promise because of the lack of empirical evidence regarding its effects. In this study, we investigate the effects that prosocial crowdfunding has on traditional microfinance institutions (MFIs). Combining multiple data sources, including data from Kiva. org and the Microfinance Information Exchange Market (MIX Market), we examine how access to crowdfunding influences MFIs' sustainability and interest rates. We find that after joining Kiva, MFIs'sustainability improves and interest rates decrease. Further investigation suggests that the changes mainly result from efficiency improvement, rather than increased supply of low-cost funds. We propose that joining an online crowdfunding platform induces greater transparency and crowd monitoring, which motivates and empowers MFIs to improve operations and become more efficient.
关键词：
众筹、小额信贷、亲社会贷款、利率、可持续性、信息披露、人群监督
文献来源：
Luo, X., Ge, L., & Wang, C. A. (2022). Crowdfunding for Microfinance Institutions: The New Hope?. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 46(1), 373-400.
数字创业中的开源合作
Open Source Collaboration in Digital Entrepreneurship
摘要：
新兴的数字技术催生了数字创业和在 GitHub 上为创业追求而广泛存在的开源协作 (OSC) 现象。尽管开放性是数字创业的共同主题，但尚不清楚数字初创公司（即以数字工件为核心的价值创造和获取商业模式的初创公司）如何从他们的开源协作参与中真正实现价值。我们开发了一个理论框架来解释参与开源协作如何影响数字初创公司的价值，以及影响如何取决于企业成长阶段（概念阶段、商业化阶段或成长阶段）和开源协作参与模式（集客模式或推销模式）。在对2008年至2017年期间的17552家数字初创公司进行的月度面板观察分析中，我们发现，处于概念和商业化阶段的数字初创公司从集客模式开源协作中获益更多，而处于成长期的数字初创公司则从流入市场的推销模式开源协作中获益更多。随着数字初创公司越来越多地使用开源协作进行构思、实验和扩展，我们的贡献是展示通过开源协作的知识流是否、何时以及如何影响数字初创公司的价值。我们讨论了组织数字创业和开放式创新的研究意义。
Emerging digital technologies give rise to digital entrepreneurship and the widespread phenomenonof open source collaboration (OSC) on GitHub for entrepreneurial pursuits. Although openness is a common theme in digital entrepreneurship, it is unclear how digital startups-that is, startups that that have digital artifacts at the core of their business model for value creation and capture-actually realize value from their OSC engagement. We develop a theoretical framework to explain how the engagement in OSC may affect the value of digital startups and how the effect is contingent on the stage of venture maturity (conception, commercialization, or growth) and the mode of OSC engagement (inbound or outbound). In analyses that pool 17,552 matched digital startups with monthly panel observations between 2008 and 2017, we find digital startups in the conception and commercialization stages benefit more from inbound OSC whereas the ones in the growth stage benefit more from outbound OSC. As digital startups increasingly use OSC for ideation, experimentation, and scaling, our contribution is to show whether, when, and how knowledge flows through OSC might affect the value of digital startups. We discuss implications for research on organizing for digital entrepreneurship as well as open innovation.
关键词：
开放式创新；创业；数字化世界中的组织创新；数字创新；数字创业；开源协作；开放悖论
文献来源：
Lin, Y. K., & Maruping, L. M. (2022). Open source collaboration in digital entrepreneurship. Organization Science, 33(1), 212-230.
通过模板扩展数字企业
Extending Digital Ventures Through Templating
摘要：
数字企业通常面临巨大的增长预期。一种常见的反应是通过重新利用其数字核心（例如，搜索引擎、数据挖掘技术、平台或语音界面）将当前业务扩展到新领域。基于先前的文献，我们推测数字企业数字核心的高度多功能性通过降低成本和提高速度来促进这种扩展。然而，我们对数字企业利用其数字核心扩展当前业务的过程知之甚少。为此，我们利用Penrose的工作来分析一个为期两年的深入案例研究，该研究是关于一家中国数字企业基于其信用评级技术拓展其初始运营的过程。我们的研究结果表明，数字企业扩展通过模板化来实现，模板化是一个生成和使用跨业务领域通用解决方案的数字化过程。通过我们的扎根分析，我们通过跟踪有助于数字风险扩展的三个过程来解构模板：概念化、通用化和移植。综合我们的研究结果，我们通过开发数字企业扩展的过程模型为新兴的数字创新和创业文献做出贡献。
Digital ventures typically face significant growth expectations. A common response is to extend the current operations into new areas through repurposing its digital core (e.g., search engine, data mining technique, platform, or voice interface). Grounded in prior literature, we surmise that the high versatility of the digital venture's digital core facilitates such an extension by reducing cost and increasing speed. However, we know little about the process by which digital ventures draw on their digital core to extend current operations. To this end, we use Penrose's work to analyze a two-year in-depth case study of a Chinese digital venture's extension of its initial operations based on its credit rating technology. Our findings suggest that digital venture extension is facilitated by templating, which is a digitally enabled process of generating and using generic solutions across business areas.Through our grounded analysis, we unpack templating by tracing three processes contributing to digital venture extension: concepting, generalizing, and porting. Synthesizing our findings, we contribute to the emerging digital innovation and entrepreneurship literature by developing a process model of digital venture extension.
关键词：
数字创新；数字创业；数字企业；数字技术；企业扩展；模板；范围；多功能资源；案例分析；IT的商业价值
文献来源：
Jimmy Huang, Ola Henfridsson, Martin J. Liu (2021) Extending Digital Ventures Through Templating. Information Systems Research 33(1):285-310.
“用户名”中有什么？感知匿名对众筹中从众效应的影响
What's in a "Username"? The Effect of Perceived Anonymity on Herding in Crowdfunding
摘要：
本研究探讨了感知匿名在塑造在线众筹市场从众效应中的作用。借鉴社会心理学文献中的理论，我们认为贷方根据其感知的匿名状态对先行者形成不同的可信度感知；然后，贷方利用这种感知来调整贷方趋同于先行者的势头。利用从一家领先的债务众筹平台收集的数据，我们将个人用户名分为匿名和看似真实的两类，后者指的是一种似乎揭示了一个人的真实姓名的用户身份。结果表明，与匿名用户相比，后继者对呈现真实用户名的先行者表现出较弱的从众势头。我们将这一发现归因于源自不合格行为的较低的感知可信度，挑战了将匿名视为来源可信度的负面因素的传统观点。研究进一步表明，感知匿名对从众行为的正向影响在筹资期早期显著；然而，我们没有发现高风险和低风险信用评级之间存在差异。我们的研究有助于理解在线环境中的匿名和从众的文献。
This research examines the role of perceived anonymity in shaping herding behavior in online crowdfunding markets. Drawing on theories from social psychology literature, we argue that a lender forms different credibility perceptions toward preceding peers based on their perceived anonymitystate; the lender then uses such perceptions to adjust the lender's herding momentum toward them. Using data collected from a leading debt-based crowdfunding platform, we classify an individual's username as either anonymous or real-seeming, with the latter referring to as a user identification that seems to reveal one's real name. The results show that successors demonstrate weaker herding momentum toward predecessors who are presented with real-seeming usernames than anonymous ones. This finding, which we attribute to a lower extent of perceived credibility derived from a nonconforming behavior, challenges the conventional wisdom that considers anonymity a negativefactor for source credibility. We further show that the uncovered positive effect of perceived anonymity on herding is accentuated in the early stage of the fundraising period; nevertheless, we find no such discrepancies between listings that are assigned with high-risk and low-risk credit grades. Our study contributes to the literatures dealing with anonymity and herding in online environments.
关键词：
众筹；羊群效应；观察学习；匿名；隐私；来源可信度
文献来源：
Yang Jiang, Yi-Chun (Chad) Ho, Xiangbin Yan, Yong Tan (2021) What’s in a “Username”? The Effect of Perceived Anonymity on Herding in Crowdfunding. Information Systems Research 33(1):1-17.
用数字平台创造新的科技创业者：在数据驱动的零售生态系统中共享价值的元组织
Creating new tech entrepreneurs with digital platforms: Meta-organizations for shared value in data-driven retail ecosystems
摘要：
培养专注于技术的创业者是全球范围内的一项重要工作，尤其是随着人工智能 (AI) 创新的指数级增长。本研究通过充当支持创业者从数据中提取价值的强大机制，探索在零售领域启用新商业模式的元组织。本研究调查了元组织如何吸引用户并授权科技创业者通过进行社会创新来创造共享价值。这项研究涉及对在意大利、德国和芬兰运作的元组织进行的深入和纵向的独特案例研究。结果表明，元组织的灵活结构可以有效引导不同心态的利益相关者为高科技初创企业提供支持。基于人工智能的平台是解决关键社会问题的可靠替代方案，以改善经济增长，并提高人们在压力大、竞争激烈的环境中(如零售行业)的表现。研究结果证实，由元组织策划的基于人工智能的创新可以通过为社会创造共享价值来实现新的商业模式。本研究讨论了对理论和实践都有影响的七个关键成功因素，并提出了一种人工智能驱动的创业新模式。
Creating technologically focused entrepreneurs is a crucial endeavor worldwide, especially with the exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) innovation.This research explores meta-organizations that enable new business models in the retail domain by acting as a powerful mechanism to support entrepreneurs in extracting value from data. This study investigates how meta-organizations engage users and empower tech entrepreneurs to create shared value by developing social innovation. This research involves an in-depth and longitudinal unique case studyof a meta-organization operating in Italy, Germany, and Finland. Results indicate that the flexible structure of meta-organizations can effectively guide stakeholdersof different mindsets to offer support to high-tech startups. AI-based platforms area reliable alternative to tackle critical social issues in order to improve economic growth and increase people's performance in a stressful, competitive environment, such as the retail sector. The findings affirm that AI-based innovation orchestrated by meta-organizations can enable new business models by creating shared value for society. Seven critical success factors with implications for theory and practice are discussed, and a new model for AI-driven entrepreneurship is proposed.
关键词：
元组织；人工智能；决策；商业生态系统；社会创新；零售业务
文献来源：
Battisti, S., Agarwal, N., & Brem, A. (2022). Creating new tech entrepreneurs with digital platforms: Meta-organizations for shared value in data-driven retail ecosystems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121392.
创业企业的数字产品创新途径——创业者认知框架的作用
Digital product innovation approaches in entrepreneurial firms - the role of entrepreneurs'cognitive frames
摘要：
什么解释了创业企业如何组织数字产品创新？数字工件的一个独特特征是它们永远不完整，因为它们“不断地在制造中”。本研究探讨了这种以数字工件为特征的持续变化在解释小型创业企业如何管理数字产品创新方面所发挥的作用。借鉴创始人身份研究并采用认知框架理论，我们进行了一项涉及 15 位小型数字企业创始人的多案例研究。基于产品变更框架（次要与主要）和流程框架变更（稳定与动态流程框架）之间的组合，我们确定了创业企业用于管理数字产品创新的四种不同方法。这些方法包括：战略创新、实验创新、内容创新和学习实验。我们的研究结果通过开发一种类型学为产品创新研究做出了贡献，该类型学为管理数字产品创新的方法提供了新的概念，其中考虑到了数字工件所涉及的内容和过程的持续变化。
What explains how entrepreneurial firms organise digital product innovation? A unique characteristic of digital artefacts is their perpetual incompleteness, as they are "constantly in the making". This study examines the role that this constant change that characterises digital artifacts plays in explaining how small, entrepreneurial firms manage digital product innovation. Drawing from research on founder identity and employing a cognitive frame theoretical lens, we conduct a multi-case study research design involving 15 founders of small size digital ventures. Based on combinations between product change frames (minor versus major) and change in process frames (stable versus dynamic process frames), weidentify four distinct approaches entrepreneurial firms take to manage digital product innovations. These approaches include: strategic innovation, experimental innovation, content innovation and learning experiments. Our findings contribute to product innovation research by developing a typology that provides a new conceptualisation of the approaches to manage innovation in digital products that takes into account the continuous change that characterises the content and process involved in digital artefacts.
关键词：
数字产品创新；创业公司；个体行动者，认知框架；新产品开发
文献来源：
Bunduchi, R., Crișan-Mitra, C., Salanță, I. I., & Crișan, E. L. (2022). Digital product innovation approaches in entrepreneurial firms–the role of entrepreneurs’ cognitive frames. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121343.
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- 供稿/编辑：邱振宇｜审核：綦成双 -
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